BRIMONIDINE TARTRATE

Brimonidine Tartrate

What It Is


Brimonidine tartrate is a potent medication primarily used in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha-2 adrenergic agonists and works by reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eye. Lowering IOP is crucial for preventing damage to the optic nerve, which can lead to vision loss or blindness if untreated. Brimonidine is available in both ophthalmic (eye drop) formulations and is well-regarded for its effectiveness in managing chronic eye conditions, particularly glaucoma.


Dosage Forms and Strengths


Brimonidine tartrate is commonly available in the following dosage forms:

  • Ophthalmic Solution:
    • 0.1% solution
    • 0.15% solution
    • 0.2% solution

These concentrations allow physicians to tailor the dosage based on individual patient needs and their response to treatment. The medication is generally provided in sterile, preservative-free containers or with preservatives such as benzalkonium chloride.


Brand and Generic Names

 

  • Generic Name: Brimonidine Tartrate
  • Brand Names:
    • Alphagan® (Alphagan-P® for the preservative-free version)
    • Lumify® (used as a vasoconstrictor for eye redness relief)

The brand Lumify uses a lower concentration of brimonidine (0.025%) and is marketed for over-the-counter use to relieve eye redness.


Indications for Use


Brimonidine tartrate is indicated for several eye-related conditions, including:

  • Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Used to lower intraocular pressure in patients diagnosed with this chronic form of glaucoma.
  • Ocular Hypertension: Administered to reduce the elevated pressure within the eye, which, if left untreated, can lead to glaucoma or optic nerve damage.
  • Eye Redness (OTC Use): In its low-concentration formulation (Lumify), brimonidine is used over-the-counter to reduce eye redness caused by minor irritation or allergies.

Mechanism of Action


Brimonidine tartrate works by activating alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the eye. This mechanism has two primary effects:

  1. Reduction of Aqueous Humor Production: Aqueous humor is the fluid in the eye that helps maintain intraocular pressure. By reducing its production, brimonidine decreases pressure inside the eye.
  2. Increased Uveoscleral Outflow: This refers to the increased drainage of aqueous humor from the eye, which further helps to lower intraocular pressure.

These actions make brimonidine effective in treating conditions where high intraocular pressure is a concern, such as glaucoma and ocular hypertension.


Administration and Dosage

 

  • Ophthalmic Solution (Glaucoma/Ocular Hypertension):
    The typical recommended dosage is 1 drop in the affected eye(s) 2-3 times daily, approximately 8 hours apart.
  • For Eye Redness (Lumify OTC):
    One drop should be administered into the affected eye(s) as needed for relief, up to 4 times a day.

Patients are advised to avoid touching the tip of the bottle to any surface to prevent contamination, and to wait at least 5-10 minutes before applying any other eye medications.


Effects and Precautions

 

  • Common Side Effects:

    • Dry mouth
    • Fatigue or drowsiness
    • Eye irritation or redness
    • Blurred vision
    • Foreign body sensation
  • Less Common but Serious Side Effects:

    • Allergic reactions, including swelling of the face or throat
    • Bradycardia (slowed heart rate)
    • Depression
    • Severe eye pain or discomfort

Precautions:

 

  • Use in Pregnancy: Brimonidine is classified as a Category B drug for pregnancy, meaning it should be used only when clearly needed and under medical supervision.
  • Use in Pediatrics: The use of brimonidine in infants, particularly those younger than 2 years, is contraindicated due to the risk of severe side effects like apnea.
  • Interactions: Brimonidine may interact with other medications, particularly those affecting the central nervous system such as sedatives, and drugs that lower blood pressure. Patients should consult their healthcare provider before combining brimonidine with other medications.

Conclusion


Brimonidine tartrate is a highly effective medication used primarily in the management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Its dual action of reducing aqueous humor production and enhancing its outflow makes it a cornerstone in controlling intraocular pressure, thereby preventing optic nerve damage and vision loss. Though generally well-tolerated, users must be aware of possible side effects and interactions. For patients with eye conditions like glaucoma, brimonidine provides an essential therapeutic option, significantly improving their quality of life when used appropriately.

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BRIMONIDINE TARTRATE & TIMOLOL 5 ML. 1 UNITS COMBIGAN EYE DROPS ALLERGAN (excluded of 20 USD Postage fee/order)
Reduction of IOP in patients w/ chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular HTN insufficiently responsive to topical β-blockers.
18.91 USD
BRIMONIDINE TARTRATE OPHTH SOLN 0.2% 1 UNITS ALPHAGAN ALLERGAN (excluded of 20 USD Postage fee/order)
Reduction of IOP in patients w/ chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular HTN insufficiently responsive to topical β-blockers.
18.80 USD

BRIMONIDINE TARTRATE & TIMOLOL 5 ML. 1 UNITS COMBIGAN EYE DROPS ALLERGAN (excluded of 20 USD Postage fee/order) (COMBIGAN)

Reduction of IOP in patients w/ chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular HTN insufficiently responsive to topical β-blockers.
18.91 USD

BRIMONIDINE TARTRATE OPHTH SOLN 0.2% 1 UNITS ALPHAGAN ALLERGAN (excluded of 20 USD Postage fee/order) (ALPHAGAN)

Reduction of IOP in patients w/ chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular HTN insufficiently responsive to topical β-blockers.
18.80 USD
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