INDICATION AND DOSAGE OF CEFUROXIME AXETIL

What It Is

Cefuroxime axetil is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It is a prodrug that is converted into its active form, cefuroxime, once absorbed in the body. Cefuroxime acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, ultimately leading to bacterial death.

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Cefuroxime axetil is available in several dosage forms:

• Oral Tablets: Typically available in strengths of 250 mg and 500 mg.
• Oral Suspension: Often available in a liquid form with a concentration of 125 mg/5 mL or 250 mg/5 mL.

Brand and Generic Names

• Brand Names: Common brand names include Ceftin, Zinacef, and Kefurox.
• Generic Names: The generic name is cefuroxime axetil.

Indications for Use

Cefuroxime axetil is indicated for the treatment of various infections caused by susceptible bacteria. These include:

• Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Such as sinusitis and pharyngitis.
• Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: Including bronchitis and pneumonia.
• Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Such as cellulitis and impetigo.
• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Including cystitis and pyelonephritis.
• Gonorrhea: Cefuroxime can be used to treat uncomplicated gonococcal infections.

Mechanism of Action

Cefuroxime axetil works by disrupting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located in the bacterial cell wall, inhibiting the transpeptidation enzyme required for cross-linking peptidoglycan layers. This results in a weakened cell wall, leading to bacterial lysis and death.

Administration and Dosage

• Oral Tablets: Generally taken twice daily with or without food. For adults, the typical dosage ranges from 250 mg to 500 mg per day, depending on the type and severity of the infection.
• Oral Suspension: Administered based on body weight and age, often given twice daily. For children, the dosage is typically adjusted to 10-15 mg/kg per day, divided into two or three doses.

Side Effects and Precautions

Common Side Effects:

• Gastrointestinal symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
• Allergic reactions: Rash, itching, and hives.

Serious Side Effects:

• Severe allergic reactions: Anaphylaxis, which is rare but requires immediate medical attention.
• Pseudomembranous colitis: A severe form of colitis caused by Clostridium difficile overgrowth, which can occur during or after treatment.

Precautions:

• Allergy History: Patients with a history of penicillin allergy may also be allergic to cephalosporins and should be monitored closely.
• Renal Function: Dose adjustments may be necessary in patients with impaired renal function.
• Pregnancy and Lactation: Cefuroxime axetil is generally considered safe during pregnancy and lactation, but it should be used only if clearly needed.

Conclusion

Cefuroxime axetil is an effective broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Available in both oral tablets and suspension forms, it offers flexibility in administration for different patient populations. While generally well-tolerated, it is important to be aware of potential side effects and to use it with caution in patients with certain medical conditions or histories. As with all antibiotics, adherence to the prescribed dosage and duration of treatment is crucial to ensuring effectiveness and preventing resistance.