What It Is
Cilostazol is a prescription medication primarily used to treat intermittent claudication, a condition characterized by pain and cramping in the legs due to inadequate blood flow. Intermittent claudication is often a symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Cilostazol works by improving blood flow to the extremities, thus alleviating the pain associated with walking.
Dosage Forms and Strengths
Cilostazol is available in oral tablet form. The typical dosage strengths are:
These tablets are usually taken twice daily.
Brand and Generic Names
Cilostazol is available under the brand name Pletal. The generic name is cilostazol.
Indications for Use
Cilostazol is indicated for the treatment of intermittent claudication. It is intended to improve walking distance and reduce symptoms of claudication. The medication is prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that may include lifestyle changes and other medications to manage PAD and improve overall vascular health.
Mechanism of Action
Cilostazol functions as a phosphodiesterase III (PDE3) inhibitor. By inhibiting PDE3, cilostazol increases the levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in platelets and vascular smooth muscle cells. This action leads to:
- Vasodilation: Relaxation of blood vessels, which improves blood flow.
- Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation: Reduction in the clumping of platelets, which decreases the risk of blood clot formation.
The net effect is improved blood flow to the legs, which helps alleviate symptoms of claudication.
Administration and Dosage
The standard recommended dosage for cilostazol is 100 mg taken twice daily, approximately 30 minutes before or 2 hours after meals. It is important to follow the prescribed dosing schedule and consult with a healthcare provider before making any adjustments to the dosage.
Side Effects and Precautions
Common side effects of cilostazol include:
- Headache
- Diarrhea
- Dizziness
- Palpitations
More serious side effects, though less common, can include:
- Tachycardia (rapid heartbeat)
- Chest pain
- Severe bleeding or bruising
Cilostazol should be used with caution in patients with a history of heart failure, as it may exacerbate this condition. Additionally, it is important to monitor for signs of bleeding and to be cautious if taking other medications that increase bleeding risk.
Patients with liver impairment or those taking other medications that affect cytochrome P450 enzymes should use cilostazol with caution. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to ensure the medication is effective and to monitor for potential side effects.
Conclusion
Cilostazol is a valuable medication for managing intermittent claudication associated with peripheral artery disease. Its effectiveness in improving walking distance and alleviating symptoms of claudication makes it an important option for patients suffering from this condition. Understanding its mechanism of action, appropriate dosage, and potential side effects helps ensure its optimal use and enhances patient outcomes. As with any medication, adherence to prescribed instructions and regular consultation with healthcare professionals are crucial for safe and effective treatment.
