ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE

INDICATION AND DOSAGE OF ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE

Introduction

Isosorbide dinitrate is a medication primarily used to manage angina pectoris, a condition characterized by chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle. It belongs to a class of drugs known as nitrates, which are effective in dilating blood vessels and improving blood flow. This essay provides a detailed overview of isosorbide dinitrate, including its dosage forms and strengths, brand and generic names, indications for use, mechanism of action, administration and dosage, effects and precautions, and concludes with a summary of its importance in clinical practice.

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Isosorbide dinitrate is available in several dosage forms, including oral tablets, extended-release tablets, and sublingual tablets. The strengths for these dosage forms are as follows:

  • Oral Tablets: Typically available in strengths of 5 mg and 10 mg.
  • Extended-Release Tablets: Generally available in 30 mg, 60 mg, and 120 mg formulations.
  • Sublingual Tablets: Commonly available in 2.5 mg and 5 mg.

These different forms and strengths allow for flexibility in treatment, catering to the varying needs of patients.

Brand and Generic Names

Isosorbide dinitrate is marketed under various brand names, including:

  • Isordil
  • Dilatrate-SR
  • Isordil Titradose

The generic name for the drug is simply "isosorbide dinitrate." These brand names and formulations may differ in their release mechanisms and dosing schedules.

Indications for Use

Isosorbide dinitrate is primarily indicated for the prevention and management of angina pectoris. It is used to reduce the frequency and severity of angina attacks in patients with chronic stable angina. Additionally, it may be used in combination with other medications to manage heart failure and to alleviate symptoms of other cardiovascular conditions, such as coronary artery disease.

Mechanism of Action

Isosorbide dinitrate exerts its effects primarily through the conversion to nitric oxide (NO) within the body. Nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator, meaning it relaxes and widens blood vessels. This vasodilation reduces the preload and afterload on the heart by decreasing the venous return and arterial resistance. As a result, myocardial oxygen demand is reduced, which helps to prevent or relieve angina symptoms.

Administration and Dosage

The administration and dosage of isosorbide dinitrate depend on the specific formulation and the condition being treated.

  • Oral Tablets: Typically, the dosage ranges from 5 mg to 10 mg, taken two to three times daily. The dosage may be adjusted based on patient response and tolerability.
  • Extended-Release Tablets: Commonly, the dosage ranges from 30 mg to 120 mg once daily or twice daily. The extended-release formulation allows for a more prolonged effect and fewer daily doses.
  • Sublingual Tablets: Usually taken as needed for acute angina attacks, with doses typically ranging from 2.5 mg to 5 mg.

It is crucial to follow the dosing instructions provided by a healthcare provider to ensure optimal effectiveness and minimize potential side effects.

Effects and Precautions

Effects:

  • Therapeutic Effects: The primary therapeutic effect of isosorbide dinitrate is the relief of angina symptoms by improving blood flow to the heart muscle. It also helps in reducing the frequency of angina attacks.
  • Side Effects: Common side effects may include headache, dizziness, lightheadedness, flushing, and hypotension. These effects are often related to the vasodilatory actions of the drug. Less common but more serious side effects may include severe hypotension and reflex tachycardia.

Precautions:

  • Drug Interactions: Isosorbide dinitrate should be used with caution in patients taking other antihypertensive agents, as the combined effect may lead to excessive blood pressure reduction. It should also be used cautiously with phosphodiesterase inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil), which can exacerbate hypotensive effects.
  • Contraindications: This medication is contraindicated in patients with severe anemia, closed-angle glaucoma, or hypersensitivity to nitrates.
  • Tolerance: Prolonged use of isosorbide dinitrate can lead to the development of tolerance, reducing its effectiveness over time. A nitrate-free interval (e.g., 8-12 hours daily) is often recommended to minimize tolerance.

Conclusion

Isosorbide dinitrate is a valuable medication in the management of angina pectoris and other cardiovascular conditions. By dilating blood vessels and reducing myocardial oxygen demand, it helps alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life for patients with chronic stable angina. While effective, its use requires careful consideration of dosage, potential side effects, and drug interactions to ensure safe and effective treatment. Overall, isosorbide dinitrate remains an important tool in cardiovascular therapy, contributing significantly to patient care and symptom management.

INDICATION AND DOSAGE OF ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE

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ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE SUB LG TAB 5 MG 10 UNITS HARTSORB SIAM BHAESAJ (excluded of 20 USD Postage fee/order)
Isosorbide dinitrate is a medication used to prevent chest pain (angina) in patients with coronary artery disease.
3.77 USD
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE TAB 10 MG 10 UNITS HARTSORB SIAM BHAESAJ (excluded of 20 USD Postage fee/order)
Isosorbide dinitrate is a medication used to prevent chest pain (angina) in patients with coronary artery disease.
3.62 USD
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE TAB 30 MG 10 UNITS HARTSORB SIAM BHAESAJ (excluded of 20 USD Postage fee/order)
Isosorbide dinitrate is a medication used to prevent chest pain (angina) in patients with coronary artery disease.
3.79 USD

ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE SUB LG TAB 5 MG 10 UNITS HARTSORB SIAM BHAESAJ (excluded of 20 USD Postage fee/order) (HARTSORB)

Isosorbide dinitrate is a medication used to prevent chest pain (angina) in patients with coronary artery disease.
3.77 USD

ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE TAB 10 MG 10 UNITS HARTSORB SIAM BHAESAJ (excluded of 20 USD Postage fee/order) (HARTSORB)

Isosorbide dinitrate is a medication used to prevent chest pain (angina) in patients with coronary artery disease.
3.62 USD

ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE TAB 30 MG 10 UNITS HARTSORB SIAM BHAESAJ (excluded of 20 USD Postage fee/order) (HARTSORB)

Isosorbide dinitrate is a medication used to prevent chest pain (angina) in patients with coronary artery disease.
3.79 USD

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