MELPHALAN

INDICATION AND DOSAGE OF MELPHALAN

 

What It Is:

Melphalan is a chemotherapy drug used primarily in the treatment of certain cancers. It is an alkylating agent, which means it works by damaging the DNA of cancer cells, thereby inhibiting their ability to replicate and grow. Melphalan is particularly effective in treating multiple myeloma and certain types of ovarian cancer.

Dosage Forms and Strengths:

Melphalan is available in two primary forms:

  1. Oral Tablets: These typically come in strengths of 2 mg and 5 mg. Oral administration is used for treating multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer.

  2. Injection: Melphalan can be administered intravenously (IV) in a hospital setting. The dosage and concentration of the injectable form can vary based on the specific treatment protocol.

Brand and Generic Names:

  • Brand Names: The most well-known brand name for Melphalan is Alkeran.
  • Generic Names: Melphalan is the generic name itself, and it is available as generic melphalan.

Indications for Use:

Melphalan is primarily used for:

  1. Multiple Myeloma: Melphalan is used in combination with other drugs for the treatment of multiple myeloma, a type of cancer that forms in the plasma cells of the bone marrow.

  2. Ovarian Cancer: It is used in combination with other medications to treat ovarian cancer, especially in cases where other treatments have not been successful.

  3. Other Conditions: Occasionally, Melphalan may be used for other cancers, including certain types of sarcoma, depending on the treatment protocol and physician’s discretion.

Mechanism of Action:

Melphalan functions as an alkylating agent. It exerts its effects by forming covalent bonds with the DNA in cancer cells. This bonding causes cross-linking of DNA strands, leading to the formation of abnormal DNA structures. As a result, cancer cells are unable to properly replicate their DNA during cell division, ultimately leading to cell death. This process selectively targets rapidly dividing cancer cells, making Melphalan effective in treating various malignancies.

Administration and Dosage:

  • Oral Tablets: The dosage varies based on the type of cancer and the patient's overall health. For multiple myeloma, doses are typically administered in cycles. For ovarian cancer, dosing may vary based on the treatment protocol.

  • Injection: For intravenous administration, the dose is usually calculated based on the patient's body surface area (BSA) and the specific type of cancer. The administration of Melphalan by injection is often done in a hospital setting to monitor for potential side effects and adjust dosages as needed.

Effects and Precautions:

Effects:

  • Common Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and fatigue are common side effects of Melphalan. Patients may also experience low blood cell counts, which can increase the risk of infections, bleeding, or anemia.
  • Serious Side Effects: Serious side effects include severe allergic reactions, liver damage, and severe infections due to low white blood cell counts. Long-term use can potentially lead to secondary cancers.

Precautions:

  • Monitoring: Regular blood tests are essential to monitor the patient’s blood cell counts and liver function during treatment.
  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Melphalan can be harmful to an unborn baby, so it should not be used during pregnancy. Women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception. It is also not recommended for breastfeeding.
  • Pre-existing Conditions: Patients with pre-existing liver or kidney conditions may require adjusted dosages or additional monitoring.

Conclusion:

Melphalan remains a vital component in the arsenal of treatments for certain cancers, particularly multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer. As an alkylating agent, it disrupts the DNA of cancer cells, inhibiting their growth and proliferation. While effective, its use is accompanied by a range of potential side effects that necessitate careful monitoring and management. Understanding the appropriate dosage forms, potential effects, and necessary precautions ensures that Melphalan can be used effectively while minimizing risks. As with any chemotherapy drug, its administration should be closely managed by healthcare professionals to achieve the best possible outcomes for patients.

INDICATION AND DOSAGE OF MELPHALAN

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MELPHALAN TAB 2 MG 25 UNITS ALKERAN ASPEN PHARMACARE (excluded of 20 USD Postage fee/order)
Melphalan is used in the treatment of multiple myeloma, ovarian cancer, acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia, childhood neuroblastoma, malignant lymphoma (Hodgkin, non-Hodgkin lymphoma), and mammary adenocarcinoma.
110.40 USD

MELPHALAN TAB 2 MG 25 UNITS ALKERAN ASPEN PHARMACARE (excluded of 20 USD Postage fee/order) (ALKERAN)

Melphalan is used in the treatment of multiple myeloma, ovarian cancer, acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia, childhood neuroblastoma, malignant lymphoma (Hodgkin, non-Hodgkin lymphoma), and mammary adenocarcinoma.
110.40 USD

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